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titanium metal powder is used to produce parts from high-performing automobile components to light-weight aerospace parts. It can also be used for personalised medical and dental implants.
Various techniques are used to produce titanium powder. These include gas atomization, plasma rotating electrode (PRE) and hydride-dehydride processes.
The resulting powder is then processed by laser-engineered net shaping (LENS) or direct powder rolling (DPR), sintering, hot isostatic pressing or spark plasma sintering to form parts. The results can be spherical, angular or both, depending on the process and feedstock.
Applications
Aerospace is one of the largest uses for titanium powders, with a range of aircraft using titanium alloy parts accounting for 20-30 percent of their engine weight. Parts such as rotor blades, compressor blades, hydraulic system components and nacelles are made from these alloys, often in conjunction with aluminum or magnesium.
In addition to its excellent strength and corrosion resistance, titanium powder has a high biocompatibility factor and is suitable for use in medical devices. In this regard, it is ideal for implant applications such as hip and knee replacements.
Safety issues
When working with titanium powder, the following safety concerns should be considered: a) Self-sustaining thermal runaway or burning from the native 2-7 nm TiO2 film that forms instantly upon exposure to air at room temperature; and b) Spark ignition from static electricity build-up, electric components or friction/impact sparks that can occur during welding, cutting and grinding activities.
To prevent this, a) a “hot work” permit system should be in place, preventing flame or spark-producing or propellant-actuated tools from being operated in areas where titanium powder is present; and b) a number of practices should be applied to avoid friction sparks during cutting, grinding and welding activities, including minimising the contact of non-sparking tools with metallic surfaces and avoiding metal-to-metal and metal-to-concrete contact between tools.