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Water Treatment titanium electrodes are commonly used in brine water electro-chlorination, electrochemical ammonia removal, electrochemical oxidation, paper wastewater, landfill leachate, decolorization and electrolysis of organic pollutants. They also can be applied in the chlor-alkali industry, electrochemical disinfection and salt pool cell replacement.
The 3D printing of electrodes is a key step in the field of electrocatalytic materials synthesis, where the structure and composition can be tailored to the specific application requirements. It is known that in some metals, spontaneous formation of oxide layers may occur and this leads to a reversible response at the electrode surface (Vasilescu et al., 2017).
In the present study, we used a combination of scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM), high resolution voltammograms and XPS analysis to investigate the influence of heterogeneous electron transfer dynamics on a titanium array printed using SLM. We show that the onset potential for oxide formation at 3D printed titanium disk electrodes is similar to that observed at pristine electrodes and that a close to constant oxidation current is observed between
Moreover, we demonstrate that coating a gold layer on the 3D electrodes can increase the rate of heterogeneous electron transfer to convert the quasi-reversible response into a fully reversible one. These results highlight the possibility of using this type of array to generate ECL luminophores in aqueous solutions by inhibiting the water reduction reaction.
The selection of a suitable coating material for the electrode is crucial to the final efficiency of the electrochemical process. This coating material has to be compatible with the operating conditions like electrolyte composition and impurities, pH, temperature, current density, and electrode polarity.
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